基于植被状态指数的全国干旱遥感监测试验研究(Ⅰ)--资料分析与处理部分

在收集处理了了1981～1994年连续504旬的由NOAA AVHRR第1、2通道的反射率计算得的NDVI时间系列数据,以及1980～1994年全国102个固定农气观测站的旬土壤湿度资料(-20cm)和相应测站的田间持水量资料基础上,分析了全国NDVI及植被状态指数VCI的时空变化特征,发现NDVI值随季节(旬)分别表现为“双峰型”和“单峰型”的变化,在第17～27旬之间达到极大值,并与作物生长有关,VCI的变化与NDVI的变化呈相反趋势;对资料因站点的分布和密度以及时序位相等差异可能影响资料代表性的探讨认为：因旱情发展有一个过程,故NDVI、SHI的时空特性应该不会影响其分析结果的代表性。综合分析了资料的时空代表性,为干旱遥感监测模型的建立作准备。     

A Systematic Review of the Socioeconomic Factors that Influence How Marine Protected Areas Impact on Ecosystems and Livelihoods

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are among the most widely accepted methods of marine management. MPAs are not, however, always placed such that they can maximize impact on conservation and livelihoods. Current MPA guidelines fall short in focusing primarily on biophysical criteria, overlooking interrelated socioeconomic factors. We identified 32 socioeconomic factors that influence whether MPA placement has an impact on biodiversity and/or livelihoods and weighted the quality of evidence using a novel “Evidence for Impact” Score. Results suggest that stakeholder engagement, poverty, population density, and strong leadership have most potential to positively impact biodiversity and/or livelihoods, but the direction of impact (i.e., positive or negative) can be context-dependent. We found a generally poor evidence base for impact evaluation of socioeconomic factors: though some factors were highly cited, few studies actually evaluate impact. Results indicate the need for a more interdisciplinary approach to MPA placement and more empirical studies that assess impact.     

Joint multivariate statistical model and its applications to synthetic earthquake predic-tion

IntroductionSeismologistsinChinahaveestablishedmanyseismologicalmethodsandearthquakepredic-tionfactorsintheearthquakeforecastpracticesinthelastthirtyyears.Atpresent,morethanonehundredseismometricfactorsareusedinthemedium-termandmedium-short-termearthquakepredictions,suchastheb-valuetomirrorthestressstateandthedistributiondegreeofthemedium,themf-valuetoexpressiftheseismicactivityisincreasedornot(WANG,etal,1994),thequanti-tativeparameterA(b)todescribetheseismicactivitiesinadistrict(WU,CAO,19…     

项目管理信息系统的实施

结合国家“十五”重点科技攻关计划“城市规划、建设、管理与服务数字化工程”项目,天津水泥工业设计研究院承担了其中的“勘察设计企业信息化应用软件示范应用”专题。两年来,院项目实施小组和软件公司遵照标准化、系统化和集成化的原则,共同搭建了“工程协同设计管理平台”。在软件功能上,实现了设计企业管理信息系统的主要功能;在软件技术上,采用了目前最流行的软件技术,结合现代项目管理方法,为设计企业提供了组态灵活,方便实用、具有良好扩展性及开放性的软件产品。目前,该系统已经在部分工程项目上全面运行,取得了预期的效果。     

广西陆川小震群特征的初步研究

一九七七年冬,广西陆川县乌石附近发生一起小震群。这次震群活动从77年12月开始,到78年7月结束,共发生小震和微震880余次,释放的地震波总能量为1.3×10~(17)尔格。广西是少震区,地处桂东南的陆川县地震活动水平稍高一些。据史料记载,陆川周围八个县自明朝以来六百年间,共发生五级以上破坏性地震五次。陆川近年的小震活动平均每年     

塔里木地块泥盆纪古地磁结果及构造含义

利用塔里木地块新的古地磁资料,研究了塔里木地块漂移和构造演化历史,对北方大陆形成提出了新的认识。从古纬度资料反映出塔里木地块泥盆纪位于北纬13°,到二叠纪晚期达到了北纬25°,向北漂移了12°左右,同时顺时针旋转了40°,自二叠纪以来塔里木地块又向北漂移了10°左右,并顺时针旋转了20°。     

东沙海域SMI与甲烷通量的关系及对水合物的指示

硫酸根甲烷界面(SMI)是识别海洋沉积物中天然气水合物赋存(甲烷通量)的一个重要生物地球化学标志.通过对南海北部陆坡东沙海域37个站位浅表层沉积物中孔隙水的SO42-和H2S含量变化和沉积物顶空气甲烷含量的变化等地球化学特性进行分析,研究南海北部东沙海域硫酸根甲烷界面(SMI)的分布情况,通过硫酸根变化梯度估算甲烷通量.研究结果显示,东沙海域存在南部深水区"海洋四号"沉积体和北部浅水区九龙甲烷礁两个水合物有利区域,SMI埋深普遍较浅,指示较高的甲烷通量(3.8×10-3~5.9×10-3 mmol/(cm2·a)),与国际上已发现天然气水合物区的地球化学特征相类似.这种高甲烷通量很可能是由下伏的天然气水合物所引起的,暗示着该区海底之下可能有天然气水合物层赋存.     

海水养殖水体中的病害纤毛虫

对黄渤海区海珍品育苗、养殖水体中的致病性纤毛虫的区系构成、分布、危害及防治措施做了初步探讨,给出了迄今所知的在上述水域内检出的72种自由生、共栖生、寄生和周丛生种类的相对数量和名称。     

Composition of ciliate fauna and its seasonal changes in fluvial drift

Ciliate composition and its seasonal changes in seston depending on the discharge regime were analyzed in the lower rhithral area of the river Sava. Higher values for ciliate density, dry biomass, index of species diversity and concentration of particulate organic matter (POM) were associated with discharge peaks. Using the power model: y = ax^b ± c a significant positive correlation was found between POM and ciliate dry biomass (as dependent variables) and discharge (as independent variable). The ciliate drift constitutes 0.78% of the total annual POM transport. Depending on the discharge regime, the composition of ciliate drift reflects the temporal and structural changes in periphytic community.